Stroke

A stroke is caused by sudden neurological dysfunction and can lead to significant motor deficits, such as paralysis or weakness, often affecting one side of the body. There are two main types of strokes: ischemic strokes, which occur when blood clots obstruct blood flow to the brain, and hemorrhagic strokes, which happen when blood vessels in the brain rupture. Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), or “mini strokes,” are temporary blockages that can act as warning signs for a full stroke. Symptoms of a stroke include weakness, numbness, coordination difficulties, and problems with speech or swallowing. Key risk factors for stroke include old age, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, obesity, high cholesterol, heart disease, a sedentary lifestyle, drug use, and certain underlying medical conditions. Stroke diagnosis typically involves methods like CT scans, MRI, PET scans, angiography, and neurological examinations.

Physiotherapy management plays a crucial role in stroke recovery by promoting motor recovery and improving the quality of life. Physiotherapy techniques for stroke include cryotherapy, thermotherapy, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, upper and lower limb control exercises, balance improvement, gait training, breathing exercises, facial palsy rehabilitation, and feeding techniques. These treatments help to reduce oedema, improve muscle control, increase mobility, and enhance functional movements essential for daily activities. Stroke rehabilitation through physiotherapy is designed to restore independence and improve overall functionality, enabling stroke survivors to return to their normal routines.